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Standards differ in the way in which account is given of:
- Physical effects accounted for (and time of relevance for those effects)
- Entities
Activities and events
Agency: There is a difference between doing something directly and causing other parties to do something. A regulation or policy by a government is typically something that causes other parties to do things. It is important to differentiate how each framework or standard views agency so as to not double count.
Counterfactuals
Physical effects accounted
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for
Standards may differ in the physical effect or the physical agents that it accounts for, e.g. which greenhouse gas agents are included in the standard and how they are standardised.
Entities
There is clearly a difference between accounting for the greenhouse gas emissions of a whole country or whole organisation and accounting for the emissions of a single process. Protocol, standards and methods operate at different levels of complexity and aggregatation and involves different levels of nesting. This is a potential cause of double counting because
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