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2. Adaptation to climate change
What is standardised
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Protocol, standards and methods operate at different levels of complexity. This is a potential cause of double counting.
in climate mitigation standards?
Standards differ in the way in which account is given of:
- Entities
Activities and events
Agency: There is a difference between doing something directly and causing other parties to do something. A regulation or policy by a government is typically something that causes other parties to do things. It is important to differentiate how each framework or standard views agency so as to not double count.
Counterfactuals
- Physical effects accounted for (and time of relevance for those effects)
Entities
There is clearly a difference between accounting for the greenhouse gas emissions of a whole country or whole organisation and accounting for the emissions of a single process. Protocol, standards and methods operate at different levels of complexity and aggregatation. This is a potential cause of double counting because
- [Tom comment: ISO produces many types of standards-related products, however it is mainly known as an SDO that creates auditable standards for conformity assessment. Such standards are typically relatively short (e.g. 20 pages). In contrast, the GHG Corporate Protocol (2001), which was followed by a suite of GHGPs, started as a "how to guidebook" that are typically relatively long (e.g. 100+ pages). In 2005, the GHGP adopted ISO-style language and requirements content to complement the guidance content. In addition to differentiating protocols and standards (there are several types of standards), CDM Methodologies and IPCC Guidelines are additional variations of "standards"]